United confirm Chinese sponsors

Manchester United's prolific commercial team have confirmed two new sponsorship deals.

Chinese soft drinks manufacturer Wahaha and one of China's most prominent banking groups, China Construction Bank, have signed three-year tie ups with the Old Trafford outfit. Both deals are 'territory specific' and aim to take advantage of United's huge popularity in the country.

"Manchester United has a long association with China, visiting 11 times to play friendly matches," said United commercial director Richard Arnold.

"The first time was in 1975 and the most recent visit in August last year.

"Sir Alex and his team were overwhelmed with the welcome they received from fans who packed the stadium in Shanghai."

United posted record commercial income of ?117.6million last year and have already announced an eye-boggling ?357million seven-year shirt sponsorship deal with US car manufacturer Chevrolet that starts in 2014.

Source: http://rss.feedsportal.com/c/845/f/10685/s/278a198e/l/0L0Sbelfasttelegraph0O0Csport0Cfootball0Cpremiership0Cunited0Econfirm0Echinese0Esponsors0E162615250Bhtml0Dr0FRSS/story01.htm

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Body's ibuprofen, SPARC, reduces inflammation and thus bladder cancer development and metastasis

[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 16-Jan-2013
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Contact: Garth Sundem
garth.sundem@ucdenver.edu
University of Colorado Denver

Tumors flourish in inflammed tissue; readdition of SPARC reduces inflammation and stops proliferation

Cancer researchers are increasingly aware that in addition to genetic mutations in a cancer itself, characteristics of the surrounding tissue can promote or suppress tumor growth. One of these important tissue characteristics is inflammation most cancers prosper in and attach to inflamed tissue and so many cancers have developed ways to create it.

A University of Colorado Cancer Center study published today in the Journal of Clinical Investigation shows that the protein SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) acts much like an anti-inflammatory drug, attempting to heal tissues inflamed by tumors. Likewise, cancers for example, bladder cancer in this study have developed ways to turn off the production of SPARC, thus allowing growth and metastasis, especially to the lung where bladder cancer is frequently fatal.

"In fact, we show the effects of SPARC go beyond even this anti-inflammatory role. Additionally, the protein is involved in disallowing migrating cancer cells from attaching at possible metastasis sites and stopping the production of new blood vessels needed to feed tumor tissue," says Dan Theodorescu, MD, PhD, director of the University of Colorado Cancer Center and the study's senior author.

The study started by evaluating SPARC levels in human bladder cancer samples. In less aggressive cancers, both the tumor and the surrounding tissue made SPARC. In more aggressive cancers, it was just the surrounding tissue that made SPARC the aggressive tumor itself had suppressed production of the protein. In these human bladder cancer tumors, more SPARC was associated with longer survival.

This distinction between SPARC made in the tumor and SPARC made in the surrounding tissue largely explains previous work that found high SPARC in aggressive tumors and so suggested a possible tumor-promoting role for the protein. Instead, it seems that surrounding healthy tissue may respond to a growing tumor by increasing SPARC production, which it hopes will mute the tumor. Thus high SPARC that is in fact an attempt at tumor suppression can be coincidentally associated with aggressive tumors when the entire tumor is examined. Healthy tissue turns up SPARC to mute tumors. Aggressive cancers turn down SPARC to promote tumors.

Then Theodorescu and colleagues turned to animal models without the ability to manufacture SPARC. Not only was bladder cancer quicker to develop in these models, but the cancer was also more likely to travel to invade lung tissue. When SPARC was added to these models, tumor growth and metastasis was reduced.

"This is a comprehensive portrait of SPARC function using human and murine bladder cancer as a model, and the first to clearly distinguish between the role of SPARC generated in the tumor and the role of the protein generated in the surrounding tissue," says Theodorescu. "We hope this provides the rational basis for further exploring manipulation of SPARC as a therapeutic intervention."

###


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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 16-Jan-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Garth Sundem
garth.sundem@ucdenver.edu
University of Colorado Denver

Tumors flourish in inflammed tissue; readdition of SPARC reduces inflammation and stops proliferation

Cancer researchers are increasingly aware that in addition to genetic mutations in a cancer itself, characteristics of the surrounding tissue can promote or suppress tumor growth. One of these important tissue characteristics is inflammation most cancers prosper in and attach to inflamed tissue and so many cancers have developed ways to create it.

A University of Colorado Cancer Center study published today in the Journal of Clinical Investigation shows that the protein SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) acts much like an anti-inflammatory drug, attempting to heal tissues inflamed by tumors. Likewise, cancers for example, bladder cancer in this study have developed ways to turn off the production of SPARC, thus allowing growth and metastasis, especially to the lung where bladder cancer is frequently fatal.

"In fact, we show the effects of SPARC go beyond even this anti-inflammatory role. Additionally, the protein is involved in disallowing migrating cancer cells from attaching at possible metastasis sites and stopping the production of new blood vessels needed to feed tumor tissue," says Dan Theodorescu, MD, PhD, director of the University of Colorado Cancer Center and the study's senior author.

The study started by evaluating SPARC levels in human bladder cancer samples. In less aggressive cancers, both the tumor and the surrounding tissue made SPARC. In more aggressive cancers, it was just the surrounding tissue that made SPARC the aggressive tumor itself had suppressed production of the protein. In these human bladder cancer tumors, more SPARC was associated with longer survival.

This distinction between SPARC made in the tumor and SPARC made in the surrounding tissue largely explains previous work that found high SPARC in aggressive tumors and so suggested a possible tumor-promoting role for the protein. Instead, it seems that surrounding healthy tissue may respond to a growing tumor by increasing SPARC production, which it hopes will mute the tumor. Thus high SPARC that is in fact an attempt at tumor suppression can be coincidentally associated with aggressive tumors when the entire tumor is examined. Healthy tissue turns up SPARC to mute tumors. Aggressive cancers turn down SPARC to promote tumors.

Then Theodorescu and colleagues turned to animal models without the ability to manufacture SPARC. Not only was bladder cancer quicker to develop in these models, but the cancer was also more likely to travel to invade lung tissue. When SPARC was added to these models, tumor growth and metastasis was reduced.

"This is a comprehensive portrait of SPARC function using human and murine bladder cancer as a model, and the first to clearly distinguish between the role of SPARC generated in the tumor and the role of the protein generated in the surrounding tissue," says Theodorescu. "We hope this provides the rational basis for further exploring manipulation of SPARC as a therapeutic intervention."

###


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-01/uocd-bis010813.php

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Military suicides rise to a record 349, topping number of troops killed in combat

Canada to send C-17 transport aircraft to Mali

OTTAWA ? Canada is taking a baby step toward helping in the fight against Islamist forces in Mali.

The federal government announced Monday that a hulking C-17 transport plane will help carry military equipment into the capital, Bamako, for one week, on the request of France, which is looking for help in its fight against al-Qaida-linked forces in the African country.

France has taken the lead in a UN-mandated mission to push back against Islamists.

Harper says the Canadian Forces will not get involved in direct military action. However, he admitted this week's mission may not be the end of Canada's indirect involvement.

Canada already has a C-17 in the region after a small Canadian special operations team from CFB Petawawa recently flew to Niger, just east of Mali.

They'll get things ready for about two dozen Canadians who'll shepherd soldiers from Niger in a U.S.-led training exercise in Mauritania through February and March.


Ottawa Sun

Source: http://www.lfpress.com/2013/01/14/canada-to-send-c-17-transport-aircraft-to-mali

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New in Paperback: Rome and Rhetoric

Rome and Rhetoric: Shakespeare?s Julius Caesarrome and rhetoric

by Garry Wills

Yale University Press, 2013 (paperback)

There?s the slightest whiff of an ideology running underneath the wonderful thinking and appreciating going on in Garry Wills? slim volume Rome and Rhetoric (four chapters originally given as Anthony Hecht Lectures in the Humanities and now out in paperback from the author?s alma mater, Yale University). These four chapters ? one on the character of Julius Caesar in Shakespeare?s play of the same name, one on Brutus, one on Antony, and one on Cassius ? concentrate Wills? look at the play on explicitly rhetorical grounds: they take the brilliant language of one of Shakespeare?s greatest (and most paradoxical) plays and overlay upon it the formal schema of ancient Roman rhetoric.

There?s much else besides, of course ? Wills is one of our most talented and far-ranging public intellectuals and a damn fine writer. He?s incapable of writing boring prose, and even when his particular manias go astray, they?re always fascinating. It must have been great fun, listening to him give these lectures that manage to throw such light over so many different aspects of this play, as when he challenges modern portrayals of the man at the center of the action:

Caesar is a commanding figure in the Renaissance imagination. He should be played that way in Shakespeare?s drama. Otherwise the power of his specter to haunt all the later action of the play makes no sense. Burbage had to make Caesar a figure to reckon with. To present him, as so often happens now, as a tinpot dictator or a dithering old fool is to reduce the scale of the tragedy.

This most likely isn?t true; the post-assassination ?power? of great Caesar?s ghost to haunt Brutus later in the play (not ?all the later action of the play? ? just poor Brutus) is all about ?haunt? and not at all about ?power? ? the crippling psychology involved has almost nothing to do with how ?commanding? Caesar is at the beginning of the play (and pace Wills, Shakespeare goes out of his way to make his Caesar anything but commanding). But the challenge gets the reader thinking, and who knows? Wills might be right.

Likewise his repeated assertion that ?there are no villains in this play?:

Though each character has his own self-interest, and a readiness to use or do away with other characters, all think they are doing so for the honor or glory or persistence of Rome. This play is the only one that gives us all Rome all the time.

This could very well be also wrong ? certainly Cassius seems to fill the bill for a villain, at least in terms of being a lying manipulator who grandly admits his own sins. But Wills is certainly right that the main characters in Julius Caesar are given such amazing three-dimensional volition that none of them struts or preens like a typical Renaissance villain, or even most typical Shakespeare villains.

As good as Wills is at tightening his focus to the talk in this one play, some of the most memorable highlights of these lectures occur when he allows his focus to broaden just briefly. When he talks about the London theater world so dominated by actor Richard Burbage, for instance, he?s fascinating ? or when he makes some provocative comparisons between the biggest names in the English canon:

What Byron was to Keats, Jonson was to Shakespeare ? one man saying the other cannot do what in fact he has done. But Shakespeare?s achievement is greater than Keats?s. The latter saw the ideality and adventurousness of the Greek spirit, but Shakespeare saw all around the Roman ethos, its bellicose and cold-blooded side, as well as its aspirations after honor and nobility. He gives us the Roman mobs as well as the Roman snobs. He has called up, for all time, a world whose time was over.

Not sure what that business is about Shakespeare ?calling up? ancient Rome ? the Rome in Julius Caesar is first, last, and only Elizabethan England ? but parallelisms between Shakespeare and Keats are always interesting, and Wills is one of those writers whose ruminations on other writers tend to be fruitful. That?s the draw of this book in the first place: Wills on Shakespeare could pack any auditorium in Christendom.

But on any subject he chooses to address, we get his weaknesses as well as his strengths, and one of his most persistent (albeit still interesting) weaknesses is a tendency to project his own mental world onto his subjects. This was almost comically unavoidable in his short book on St. Augustine, and it?s very much present in this volume as well. The book?s very focus guarantees it: Wills is Jesuit-taught to his eyeballs ? for him, the structures and glories of formal rhetoric are cool water in which to swim. When he unlimbers the terminology ? dissoi logoi (paired pleadings), syngkrisis (joint judgement), and all the rest, we are duly impressed. When he begins to anatomize the various set-piece speeches in Julius Caesar along the axes of their ironia, praeteritio, interrogatio, anaphora, aposiopesis, polyptoton, khiasmos, ploke, homoioteleuton, and isokola, the exercise can?t help but be instructive.

But the more of it he piles on, the more even the most well-disposed reader might be tempted to draw back and say, ?Well, OK, but gosh ? aren?t you imputing a great deal of formal rhetorical training to Shakespeare?? Then that reader might pause and look up just what we know about Shakespeare?s formal education.

It hasn?t changed since the last time somebody looked it up: Stratford-on-Avon was near enough to the King?s New School (staffed by Oxford graduates) for us to theorize that boy Shakespeare might have attended, but we have no records that say he did, no budgets, and no reminiscences by schoolmates or teachers, even later in the days of his fame. When it came time for him to write Julius Caesar, we know he probably used Thomas North?s great version of Jacques Amyot?s French edition of Plutarch, and there can be little doubt that Plutarch was as well-trained in classical rhetoric as anybody could be. But the closest Wills ever comes to addressing the question of Shakespeare?s own rhetorical training ? the question he himself inadvertently but overwhelmingly raises by all that talk of syngkrisis and aposiopesis ? is the one moment when he mentions ?the Canterbury school attended by Christopher Marlowe.?

That ?Canterbury school? was the King?s School, a far older and more formidable institution altogether than the modern spin-off near Stratford. ?The Latin training in Shakespeare?s time was highly rhetorical,? Wills tells us, and so it was ? but, unlike in Marlowe?s case (or Ben Jonson?s), we don?t know that Shakespeare had such training. Wills is perfectly entitled to assume he did, to assume that little school near Stratford polished its country boys? polyptotons and plokes until they glowed i? th? sun, to assume that busy, child-fathering, deer-poaching, theater-apprenticing Shakespeare remembered it all and produced flawless examples ten years later during the busiest theater season of his professional life.

The problem is, Wills does assume it ? to such a deep-seated ideological extent that he doesn?t feel it necessary even to address the doubts his own extensive rhetorical analyses might be raising. This won?t be an issue for those readers who have no trouble believing Shakespeare absorbed the perfectly-balanced skills of a master rhetorician when he was ten. The rest of us might want to put our money on Plutarch. In either case, the innate power of the drama involved tends to get overlooked.

?

?

Source: http://www.openlettersmonthly.com/new-in-paperback-rome-and-rhetoric/

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Saudi king names new governor for restive oil region

JEDDAH, Saudi Arabia (Reuters) - Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah appointed a former diplomat to run its most sensitive region on Monday, naming Prince Saud bin Nayef as governor of oil-producing Eastern Province, scene of protests by the kingdom's Shi'ite Muslim minority.

The appointment gives Prince Saud, who was born in 1956, a senior government job at a moment when the ruling al-Saud family is making a transition towards a younger generation of leaders.

The Eastern Province has seen repeated anti-government demonstrations over the past two years by Shi'ite Muslim protesters calling for more political rights and the release of jailed relatives.

"Prince Mohamad bin Fahad bin Abdulaziz is relieved of his duties as the governor of the Eastern Province, upon his request, and Prince Saud bin Nayef bin Abdulaziz...is appointed governor of the Eastern province," said a Royal Court decree carried by state news agency SPA.

Prince Saud is a son of the late veteran interior minister Crown Prince Nayef, who died in June 2012. He previously served as ambassador to Spain, where he organized a high-profile interfaith dialogue conference pushed by King Abdullah.

Activists in the Eastern Province said it was not clear yet if the change in leadership would have an impact on policy in the region, where much of the country's oil industry is based.

Prince Saud briefly served as deputy governor of the Eastern Province in the 1980s. On his mother's side he is also related to the bin Jiluwi branch of the ruling family which is based in the region.

"It is a significant change. But to my knowledge in the upper echelons of the state, the view of Qatif is very much influenced by security issues," said Tawfiq al-Seif, a leader of the Shi'ite community in Saudi Arabia, referring to the town where most of the protests have taken place.

"We have to wait and see if that will now happen," he said.

Most of the country's Shi'ites live in the Eastern Province and some complain their religious ceremonies are banned or interfered with by Sunni authorities, and that they lack opportunities for work and education. The government denies any discrimination.

Clashes with police have broken out in the past two years, with more than 16 deaths since the protests began in February 2011.

"This governorship is the most difficult one in the kingdom. Whoever occupies this post is going to have a very challenging time," said Joseph Kechichian, a U.S. historian of Saudi Arabia.

He believed that Prince Saudi would try to bring order to the region as the king was not happy about the events there.

"No matter how hard they have tried they have been unable to eliminate the uprising in Qatif and the surrounding villages. Someone fresh and new may be able to come to terms with inevitable problems that will occur in the region."

Analysts closely watch the succession in Saudi Arabia, the world's top oil exporter, where King Abdullah will turn 90 this year and his heir, Crown Prince Salman, will turn 87.

So far all Saudi kings after the death of the country's founder King Abdulaziz in 1953 have been drawn from his nearly 40 sons. However, that generation may soon be exhausted and the ruling al-Saud family will then have to select one of his grandsons to rule.

Prince Saud is the older brother of the current Interior Minister, Prince Mohammed bin Nayef, who is seen by analysts as a potential future king. Other possible candidates include Mecca Governor Prince Khalid al-Faisal and the outgoing Eastern Province governor Prince Mohammed bin Fahd.

"It clearly raises Saud bin Nayef's succession prospects. Being governor of the Eastern Province could be a launching pad. It's a very important job," Robert Lacey, author of Inside the Kingdom, a book on Saudi Arabia, said.

(Reporting by Asma Alsharif and Angus McDowall; Editing by William Maclean and Angus MacSwan)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/saudi-king-names-governor-restive-oil-region-160723861.html

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Parkinson's treatment can trigger creativity: Patients treated with dopamine-enhancing drugs are developing artistic talents, doctor says

Jan. 14, 2013 ? Parkinson's experts across the world have been reporting a remarkable phenomenon -- many patients treated with drugs to increase the activity of dopamine in the brain as a therapy for motor symptoms such as tremors and muscle rigidity are developing new creative talents, including painting, sculpting, writing, and more.

Prof. Rivka Inzelberg of Tel Aviv University's Sackler Faculty of Medicine first noticed the trend in her own Sheba Medical Center clinic when the usual holiday presents from patients -- typically chocolates or similar gifts -- took a surprising turn. "Instead, patients starting bringing us art they had made themselves," she says.

Inspired by the discovery, Prof. Inzelberg sought out evidence of this rise in creativity in current medical literature. Bringing together case studies from around the world, she examined the details of each patient to uncover a common underlying factor -- all were being treated with either synthetic precursors of dopamine or dopamine receptor agonists, which increase the amount of dopamine activity in the brain by stimulating receptors. Her report will be published in the journal Behavioral Neuroscience.

Giving in to artistic impulse

Dopamine is involved in several neurological systems, explains Prof. Inzelberg. Its main purpose is to aid in the transmission of motor commands, which is why a lack of dopamine in Parkinson's patients is associated with tremors and a difficulty in coordinating their movements.

But it's also involved in the brain's "reward system" -- the satisfaction or happiness we experience from an accomplishment. This is the system which Prof. Inzelberg predicts is associated with increasing creativity. Dopamine and artistry have long been connected, she points out, citing the example of the Vincent Van Gogh, who suffered from psychosis. It's possible that his creativity was the result of this psychosis, thought to be caused by a spontaneous spiking of dopamine levels in the brain.

There are seemingly no limits to the types of artistic work for which patients develop talents, observes Prof. Inzelberg. Cases include an architect who began to draw and paint human figures after treatment, and a patient who, after treatment, became a prize-winning poet though he had never been involved in the arts before.

It's possible that these patients are expressing latent talents they never had the courage to demonstrate before, she suggests. Dopamine-inducing therapies are also connected to a loss of impulse control, and sometimes result in behaviors like excessive gambling or obsessional hobbies. An increase in artistic drive could be linked to this lowering of inhibitions, allowing patients to embrace their creativity. Some patients have even reported a connection between their artistic sensibilities and medication dose, noting that they feel they can create more freely when the dose is higher.

Therapeutic value

Prof. Inzelberg believes that such artistic expressions have promising therapeutic potential, both psychologically and physiologically. Her patients report being happier when they are busy with their art, and have noted that motor handicaps can lessen significantly. One such patient is usually wheelchair-bound or dependent on a walker, but creates intricate wooden sculptures that have been displayed in galleries. External stimuli can sometimes bypass motor issues and foster normal movement, she explains. Similar types of art therapy are already used for dementia and stroke patients to help mitigate the loss of verbal communication skills, for example.

The next step is to try to characterize those patients who become more creative through treatment through comparing them to patients who do not experience a growth in artistic output. "We want to screen patients under treatment for creativity and impulsivity to see if we can identify what is unique in those who do become more creative," says Prof. Inzelberg. She also believes that such research could provide valuable insights into creativity in healthy populations, too.

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/HXsZ-fugo4g/130114111622.htm

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Google Books and the librarian backlash

Roughly a decade ago, Google hatched an audacious plan: The company would scan the world?s books and make them searchable. For our most recent ebook, The Battle for the Books: Inside Google?s Gambit to Create the World?s Biggest Library, GigaOM?s Jeff John Roberts tells the story of Google Books through the eyes of the authors, librarians, lawyers and Google staff who were involved.

In this excerpt, Roberts illustrates how, by early 2009, five years after the project launched, concerns about the legality and ethics of the project grew louder ? and far more public. An early partner, Harvard University?s library began to turn against the project not long after the search giant reached a settlement agreement with authors and publishers. The leading anti-Google Books voice at Harvard was librarian Robert Darnton, and his criticisms reverberated throughout the librarian community.

By early 2009, influential figures in the academic and literary world had begun to digest the implications of the proposed Google Books settlement, and they were worried. The settlement raised questions about Google?s motives, and it also set off a number of emotional trip wires about knowledge in the digital age. Who will be the gatekeepers of our books ? libraries or companies? Who will determine the literary canons of the future ? people or computers?

The first to toss these questions like a glove at Google?s feet was Harvard librarian Robert Darnton. In February 2009, Darnton published a broadside in the New York Review of Books that many credit for rousing opponents to sandbag the initial settlement. Adorned with references to Voltaire and the Founding Fathers, the article was foremost a cri de coeur for the relevance of librarians: ?The library remains at the heart of things, but it pumps nutrition throughout the university and often to the farthest reaches of cyberspace.?

The white-haired, well-dressed patrician fanned the flames of anxiety he had touched off with his article by giving a series of alarming talks from New England to New York. His tour to warn his compatriots about Google included a stop at Columbia University. Before a full auditorium, he offered an eloquent but withering critique of the search company?s cataloging efforts. The company could scan, but it could not sort, he sniffed. Darnton told the audience that Google had filed Walt Whitman?s Leaves of Grass under gardening (although those involved in the scanning claim this couldn?t have happened). The implication was clear. This was no Library of Alexandria that Google was creating, but rather an outlet store where all the books were dumped on the floor.

As for the Googlers themselves, Darnton was polite yet contemptuous: ?They?re very nice people. They?re all under 30 years and they don?t sit in chairs; they sit on round balls.? The tweedy New York audience could not fail to hear the dog whistle Darnton was blowing. Its silent message: These are not our sorts of people. In a very polite email message, Darnton in 2009 declined my request for an interview, explaining that there was little he could add to what he had stated in his New York Review of Books article.

Darnton?s Harvard colleagues echoed his concerns about Big Google. These included Lessig, who had been an early champion of Google?s scanning efforts while at Stanford. In an essay in The New Republic, Lessig compared Google Books to a tiger kitten that would grow more dangerous with age. The grown tiger might be a corporation let off the ?do no evil? leash and turned loose to maximize profit from monopoly control of the world?s books.

This opposition to Google by the Harvard community, Google?s erstwhile partner, also reflected something of a personal grudge. H.L. suggested that Google was an ungracious opportunist. ?We at Harvard thought we owned the file, while they at Google thought they owned the file,? said the librarian. ?These were books that were our books that we had invested in at great expense for 200 or 300 years. This is where things got very tense.?

Buy The Battle for the Books: Inside Google?s Gambit to Create the World?s Biggest Library on Amazon, Barnes & Noble, or iTunes.

Source: http://feeds.paidcontent.org/~r/pcorg/~3/S9sdzPlHE2U/story01.htm

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