New compound could become 'cool blue' for energy efficiency in buildings

[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 1-Jun-2012
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Contact: Mas Subramanian
mas.subramanian@oregonstate.edu
541-737-8235
Oregon State University

CORVALLIS, Ore. A new type of durable, environmentally-benign blue pigment discovered at Oregon State University has also been found to have unusual characteristics in reflecting heat it's a "cool blue" compound that could become important in new approaches to saving energy in buildings.

The compound, which has now received patent approval, was discovered about three years ago almost by chance, as OSU scientists were studying some materials for their electrical properties.

Its potential use to help reduce heat absorption on the roofs and walls of buildings which is an evolving field of considerable interest in warm regions where cooling is a major expense adds another role for the material, which is now being considered for various commercial applications.

"This pigment has infrared heat reflectivity of about 40 percent, which is significantly higher than most blue pigments now being used," said Mas Subramanian, an OSU professor of chemistry who discovered the compound.

"The more we discover about the pigment, the more interesting it gets," Subramanian said. "We already knew it had advantages of being more durable, safe and fairly easy to produce. Now it also appears to be a new candidate for energy efficiency."

"Cool roofing," in which paints are used to reflect significant portions of the sun's heat and thereby reduce cooling costs, is an important new trend in energy efficiency and "green" construction, experts say. Such reflective coatings also are more aesthetically pleasing, have less thermal degradation, reduce the "heat island" effect in cities, lower peak energy demand, and reduce air pollution due to lower energy use and power plant emissions.

In general, any darker color of the type often used for roofs, houses, automobiles or other applications will tend to absorb more heat. But some compounds, like the one discovered at OSU, have dark tones but also the ability to reflect heat in the infrared spectrum, which is responsible for most of the heat energy absorbed from sunlight.

The material created at OSU, researchers say, is probably the best blue pigment humans have produced since ancient times going back to efforts by the Egyptians, the Han dynasty in China and Mayan cultures. Blue pigments have been sought through history but often had serious drawbacks, such as decaying quickly, being toxic, costly or carcinogenic.

In research funded by the National Science Foundation, OSU scientists discovered this material by coincidence while they were looking for something else.

Some manganese compounds came out of a 2,000 degree Fahrenheit oven transformed into a beautiful blue, which researchers later determined was due to an unusual "trigonal bipyramidal coordination" of their molecules that changed when exposed to extreme heat.

Research will continue at OSU on the heat reflectance capabilities of the new compound and the underlying molecular structure responsible for it, scientists said.

###

Editor's Note: A digital image of the molecular structure of the new compound is available online: http://www.flickr.com/photos/oregonstateuniversity/5959304954/


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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 1-Jun-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Mas Subramanian
mas.subramanian@oregonstate.edu
541-737-8235
Oregon State University

CORVALLIS, Ore. A new type of durable, environmentally-benign blue pigment discovered at Oregon State University has also been found to have unusual characteristics in reflecting heat it's a "cool blue" compound that could become important in new approaches to saving energy in buildings.

The compound, which has now received patent approval, was discovered about three years ago almost by chance, as OSU scientists were studying some materials for their electrical properties.

Its potential use to help reduce heat absorption on the roofs and walls of buildings which is an evolving field of considerable interest in warm regions where cooling is a major expense adds another role for the material, which is now being considered for various commercial applications.

"This pigment has infrared heat reflectivity of about 40 percent, which is significantly higher than most blue pigments now being used," said Mas Subramanian, an OSU professor of chemistry who discovered the compound.

"The more we discover about the pigment, the more interesting it gets," Subramanian said. "We already knew it had advantages of being more durable, safe and fairly easy to produce. Now it also appears to be a new candidate for energy efficiency."

"Cool roofing," in which paints are used to reflect significant portions of the sun's heat and thereby reduce cooling costs, is an important new trend in energy efficiency and "green" construction, experts say. Such reflective coatings also are more aesthetically pleasing, have less thermal degradation, reduce the "heat island" effect in cities, lower peak energy demand, and reduce air pollution due to lower energy use and power plant emissions.

In general, any darker color of the type often used for roofs, houses, automobiles or other applications will tend to absorb more heat. But some compounds, like the one discovered at OSU, have dark tones but also the ability to reflect heat in the infrared spectrum, which is responsible for most of the heat energy absorbed from sunlight.

The material created at OSU, researchers say, is probably the best blue pigment humans have produced since ancient times going back to efforts by the Egyptians, the Han dynasty in China and Mayan cultures. Blue pigments have been sought through history but often had serious drawbacks, such as decaying quickly, being toxic, costly or carcinogenic.

In research funded by the National Science Foundation, OSU scientists discovered this material by coincidence while they were looking for something else.

Some manganese compounds came out of a 2,000 degree Fahrenheit oven transformed into a beautiful blue, which researchers later determined was due to an unusual "trigonal bipyramidal coordination" of their molecules that changed when exposed to extreme heat.

Research will continue at OSU on the heat reflectance capabilities of the new compound and the underlying molecular structure responsible for it, scientists said.

###

Editor's Note: A digital image of the molecular structure of the new compound is available online: http://www.flickr.com/photos/oregonstateuniversity/5959304954/


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


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Kannapolis budget would raise property tax rate by 7 cents ...

Kannapolis Looking at 7-cent Rate Increase (Added: May 31, 2012)

Kannapolis City Manager Mike Legg presented a proposed budget to City Council that includes a property tax rate of 56 cents per $100 valuation, up seven cents. Because of declining property values, th (more)

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KANNAPOLIS, N.C. ? The Kannapolis property tax rate would increase 7 cents and spending would rise nearly $3.3 million under the proposed budget presented to city council Thursday.

The proposal also calls for a $3.20 per month increase in the recycling fee, which would change to a ?solid waste fee.? That fee would be $6.85 and go to the newly created environmental fund, which would include solid waste disposal.

Kannapolis City Manager Mike Legg said the property tax rate of 56 cents per $100 valuation is revenue-neutral or generates the same amount of tax dollars as the previous rate of 49 cents did. The Cabarrus County property revaluation takes effect July 1, and overall values are down.

?The proposed property tax increase of 7 cents is not contributing to the revenue increases due to the corresponding reduction in property values in Cabarrus County this year and Rowan County last year,? Legg said.

On average, property values in Kannapolis are down 12.4 percent. Officials say this is first revaluation in the city?s history that resulted in overall values going down.

Councilman Gene McCombs said he would like to see a breakdown of valuations because he is concerned that lower-priced homes might not have lost as much value percentage-wise and could actually pay more taxes.

Finance director Eric Davis said he would try to get more data on residential properties before the next meeting.

Officials sampled a range of commercial properties. The N.C. Research Campus? values went down less than 1 percent, and its tax bill would go up $128,000, Davis said.

Shoe Show?s valuation went down 17 percent, and Afton Ridge shopping center went down 19 percent. Both will pay less in property taxes under the proposal, Davis said.

The increased spending comes from other sources, including increased collection rates, higher sales tax revenues and fee increases for storm water and recycling, Legg said.

Sales tax revenues were up in the 2011-2012 and are projected to increase for the 2012-2013 budget year by $755,000.

?This is one of the positive signs that the economy is improving,? Legg said.

City officials project growth in water and sewer charges as the economy improves. The estimated increase is $275,964.

Repayment of the N.C. Research Campus bonds accounts for $596,615. Cabarrus County pays Kannapolis that amount for the financing of the Cabarrus Health Alliance building, and the money ?passes through? the city?s budget.

Retiring and refunded debt accounts for another $650,000 in available revenue.

A 40-cent increase in the monthly storm water fee would generate $129,000 per year.

McCombs called the increase ?regressive? because it is a higher percentage increase for smaller homes and properties. ?For tier 2 the increase is 10 percent, but it is bigger for tier 1.?

Tier 1?s current fee is $3 per month and is for buildings with 1200 square feet or less, while the rate for tier 2 is $4 per month and for buildings between 1200 and 3200 square feet. The Tier 3 rate is $5 per month, and the commercial rate is $4 per unit per month.

Public works director Wilmer Melton estimated that 75 to 80 percent of properties in Kannapolis fall into Tier 2.

McCombs suggested using a 10 percent increase across the board, which would be 30 cents for Tier 1, 40 cents for Tier 2 and 50 cents for Tier 3.

A public hearing on the budget is set for June 11. The council has until June 30 to approve the new budget and tax rate.

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Myanmar abandons nuclear research: defense minister

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On the Right Real Estate Track | The White House

Posted by Danny Werfel on May 31, 2012 at 10:09 AM EDT

In June 2010, President Obama set an ambitious goal for his Administration: to eliminate billions in real estate costs by consolidating or selling off excess Federal properties that are no longer needed. Today, OMB is proud to report that agencies have made significant strides toward meeting ? and exceeding ? the President?s goal.

As of the end of the first quarter of FY 2012, agencies have already achieved over $5.6 billion in real estate savings and are on track to exceed the President?s directive to save $8 billion by the end of this year ? historic progress that will reduce costs and thereby make government more efficient and effective. The President?s directive included two parts: $5 billion in savings through the Base Realignment and Closure Commission (BRAC) process, as well as $3 billion in non-BRAC savings. We are currently on track to exceed both of these goals, having achieved $3.25 billion in BRAC savings and $2.4 billion in non-BRAC savings to date.

The Federal Government is the largest property owner in the United States. But over time, agencies accumulated more properties than the Government needs to effectively meet its mission. That?s why from his first days in office, the President has made it a priority to eliminate wasteful spending on Federal real estate. At his direction, agencies have worked to reduce office space, encourage wider adoption of telework, provide alternate workspace configurations, reduce operating costs, and consolidate data centers. Through these efforts, agencies have generated millions of dollars in savings?from selling or consolidating properties, on top of numerous examples of lease cancellations, improved space management, and reductions in operating costs that are driving greater returns for the taxpayer.

As just one example, this year the Federal Government sold the GSA Nome Federal Building in Nome, Alaska ? a 27,000-square-foot, two-story office building that was built in 1958 ? for $1.68 million. The building is slated for continued office use in downtown Nome. We also recently were able to sell the Moscow, Maine Radar Site. This roughly 1,425 acre radar site previously functioned as part of a system of facilities used to track military targets across the Eastern seaboard. After a public auction, the Government sold this site for roughly $750,000.?

Agencies are taking actions like this on excess buildings across the country. Just last week, the IRS announced plans to close 43 smaller offices and reduce space in many larger facilities ? cutting total IRS office space by more than one million square feet.? All told, these measures will save taxpayers more than $40 million dollars. Similarly, in January of this year, the Department of Agriculture announced that it will close 259 offices, facilities and labs across the country, driving efficiencies for the Department that will net roughly $150 million annually.

And we are continuing to put more properties in the pipeline for disposal. For instance, the Federal Government is moving aggressively to sell the Portland Custom House in Portland, Oregon. The property is expected to be sold as early as this summer, and could yield upwards of $4 million in proceeds for the taxpayer.

To continue building on this momentum, the Administration ? as part of its broader Campaign to Cut Waste?? established a new policy?earlier this month to freeze the Federal real estate footprint, and require agencies to identify offsetting consolidations when acquiring new Federal building space. These types of common sense steps, paired with improved Federal asset management practices, will continue to drive this Administration?s efforts to deliver the most efficient and effective Government possible for the American taxpayer.

Of course, there is more work to be done. Federal agencies need to have the right tools and data available to identify and dispose of excess Federal properties. In addition, identifying better ways to make our real estate information more consistent across all the agencies will allow agencies to collaborate more effectively and save money on operations. OMB and Federal agencies are working closely together to drive our real estate reform efforts forward.?

But we need Congress to act as well.?

In the President?s FY 2012 Budget, the Administration proposed the Civilian Property Realignment Act (CPRA) to cut through the red tape and politics that slowed the sale of excess Federal property for too long. Building on the successful model established under BRAC, the President?s proposal would create an independent Board of experts to identify opportunities to consolidate, reduce, and realign the Federal civilian real estate footprint. This proposal would use bundled recommendations, a fast-track Congressional procedure, streamlined disposal and consolidation authorities, and a revolving fund replenished by proceeds to provide logistical and financial support to agencies in their disposal of high-value properties that are no longer needed.? If Congress approves it, the President?s proposal would serve as a comprehensive solution to key obstacles such as red tape and competing stakeholder interests, and together with the ongoing efforts of Federal agencies, will help drive further progress in effectively managing our real estate footprint.?

Danny Werfel is Controller of the Office of Management and Budget?? ?

?

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Clinton: Iran must take concrete nuclear steps

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Recreation Calender - The Sports Desk

June 2: Second annual Potomac River Sharkfest Swim, 9 a.m. The 30km swim will start at Aqua Land in Charles County, Md. and goes parallel to the Harry Nice Bridge (Hwy 301) finishing at Dahlgren Wayside Park in King George. Information: sharkfestswim.com or contact Michelle Ruettinger at info@envirosports.com.

June 2?3: Northern Neck Rivermen semipro football practice in Colonial Beach. Interested players and coaches should contact coach Dennis Cornwell at 540/845-1009 or rivermen@live.com.

June 8: Sixth annual Betty Parker/Lin Musselman memorial golf tournament, 9 a.m. at Four Winds. Cost: $40 per person (four-player captain?s choice). Information: 804/742-5647.

June 8?Aug. 26: Culpeper Open tennis tournament, hosted by Culpeper Sport & Racquet Club. Cost: $15 per person, per event. Deadline: June 1. Divisions: A & B?women?s singles and doubles; men?s singles and doubles; Seniors (60 and over) men?s and women?s doubles. Information: e-mail csrc19055@yahoo.com or call 540/825-0000.

June 10: Fredericksburg SPCA 5K Rescue Run, 7 a.m. at Central Rappahannock Regional Library, 1201 Caroline Street. Cost: $30. Register online at racetimingunlimited.org.

June 17: Battling Cancer 5K, 8 a.m. at the Moss Free Clinic parking lot, 1301 Sam Perry Boulevard. Cost: $28 ($33 after June 7). Register at racetimingunlimited.org.

June 18: Spotsylvania High School football benefit golf rournament 9 a.m. at Meadows Farms Golf Course Cost: $80 per player. Information: Ben Lawrynas at 226-9259.

June 29: Mark and Bill Lenzi Memorial golf tournament, 9 a.m. at Lee?s Hill Golfers Club. Cost: $75 per person. Proceeds benefit Families of the Wounded fund. Hole sponsors needed.
Information: Cyndi Sankey (540/891-5258 or csankey@leeshillgc.com) or Ellie Lenzi (540/371-4159 or glfrldy@verizon.net).

July 4: Heritage Festival 5-mile run, 7:45 a.m. at Fredericksburg Train Station on Caroline Street. Cost: $22 ($25 after June 22, $30 on race day. Register at racetiming unlimited.org.

July 14: Fresh2 5K run, 8 a.m. at Spotsylvania Courthouse Village Pavilion. Cost: $25 ($30 after June 29). Register at racetimingunlimited.org.

Send recreation calendar items to sports@freelancestar.com.

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NORTH COAST GARDENING: A musical interlude at the garden ...

Get thee to the garden on Sundays -- the Humboldt Botanical Garden, that is. Beginning this Sunday, the Humboldt Botanical Garden will celebrate summer by presenting the first musical offering in its summer series of music called ?First Sundays at the Garden.? While the garden will be open every Sunday from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. this summer, it will also offer live music the first Sunday of each month.

Performing this Sunday will be Reflection, a vocal trio with acoustic guitar performing folk tunes and standards. Also on the program is Humboldt Light Opera Company's women's ensemble ?The Babes.? This is a wonderful family event where you can pack up a picnic lunch, spread out a blanket on the soft green grass and listen to quality local music in a beautiful public garden.

And while you are at the Humboldt Botanical Garden, check out all the beautiful core gardens. The Dedekam Ornamental Terrace Garden is a rainbow of colors planted in bands of red, orange, yellow and blue. Plants were selected for their foliage, flower color and hardiness. A striking feature of this garden is the pair of formal storm water runnels that flow from the top of the garden into the Lost Coast Brewery Native Plant Garden water feature below.

Central to the Humboldt Botanical Garden is the Lost Coast Brewery Native Plant Garden. Covering more than an acre, this garden is the largest native plant garden in Northern California, offering habitat to weasels,

rabbits, foxes, hawks, bobcats and a variety of songbirds and butterflies. This garden provides visitors with striking examples of how native plants can be aesthetically integrated into home landscapes.

Cross over a rustic foot bridge and discover the wild things in Wildberries Natural Riparian Area. Central to this garden is Fault Creek, a year-round, free-flowing spring that bisects a rich community of native willows, berries, flowering currant, red alders and other natives. The wild berries of this riparian garden include California blackberry plants, thimbleberry, salmonberry and evergreen huckleberry and wild currant. Migratory songbirds such as Wilson's warbler, Swainson's thrush and black-headed grosbeak make this garden their home.

The Moss Family Temperate Woodland Garden is located slightly inland and up in elevation from the lower gardens. Because this garden is tucked within a bowl surrounded by steep grassy hills and tall Sitka spruce forest, it is protected from stiff coastal winds. Often the temperature can be as much as 10 degrees warmer.

The Moss Family garden offers an extensive rhododendron collection, a bed of the enchanting true blue Himalayan poppy, the Raul Ruiz Iris Douglasiana Reserve and the rare Wollemia pine. This tree, once thought to be extinct, was known only from fossils dating from 120 million years ago. A group of 30 or so were discovered in 1994 at the bottom of a canyon in the Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia.

Peter Santino's All Happy Now Earth Sculpture, located at the uppermost reaches of the garden, is the only one of its kind in North America. It is a merger of two ancient landscape architectural features, the ziggurat and the labyrinth. Based on a mathematical equation named Fermat's Spiral, the 100-foot diameter earth mound is covered with grass and features two non-intersecting quarter-mile pathways which take the walker to the center and back down out the opposite side. It is intended to be walked in the manner of the meditation labyrinths found in churches and cathedrals.

The Humboldt Botanical Garden is located at the north end of the College of the Redwoods campus, on Tompkins Hill Road. Summer hours starting next Wednesday (June 6) are Wednesday through Saturday from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. and Sunday from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. Admission is free for garden members, $5 for non-members and free for children under 12.

------

Terry Kramer is a trained horticulturist and journalist. She has been writing a garden column for the Times-Standard since 1982. To get in touch with Terry, send an e-mail to style@times-standard.com and put ?For Terry Kramer? in the subject line, or write to Terry Kramer, c/o Times-Standard, P.O. Box 3580, Eureka, CA, 95502.

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User:YatesAlonso120 - Internet sec

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